Kickout stations are those with dangerously-short distances from their undock port(s) to the nearest edges of their docking radii.
"Undock Runway" in the chart is how far a ship can coast after undocking before it exits the docking radius (a ship must be within 500 m of a station to dock).
Distances yoinked from Larenon en Marland's Station Cyno Placement Guide. I checked stations which postdate the guide and corrected two (details in Notes).

How to Determine a Station's Type so you can Control + F it here (click to show/hide)

1. if you are in space in its solar system: observe the Type column on the Overview
   
2. if you're docked in the station: left-click it in the Solar System panel to bring up its Show Info window, then left-click its portrait for a 3D preview window which displays the Type
   • if you're currently undocked in the same system as station, the Preview window will show its full name rather than its Type
3. if you're not in the station's solar system: bring up its Show Info window and click its image to see the Type in the Preview window via any of these methods:
   1. search for the station (or just its solar system) using either the integrated or the Route search tool, then:
      • right-click the station in the results and select Show Info then click its image to see its Type in the Preview window
   2. right-click a station in the Solar System Map, the zoomed-in Universe map, or any other window where it appears (e.g. Industry, The Agency, etc)
   3. if you have the station set as a waypoint or destination: right-click its little hollow box route symbol get to get Show Info then click its image to see its type
   4. solar systems' Show Info windows have a stations tab (right-click one then click its image to see its type)

Notes (click to show/hide)

Terminology clarification: stations are NPC-controlled dockable entities.

You can be destroyed anywhere near stations in space of any security level. Consider making instant-dock & undock bookmarks for stations you frequent.
The eight dockable player-owned structures (e.g. Astrahus, Fortizar) offer tethering (if cored and non-abandoned) but still have docking radii, beyond which tether breaks.

If you are AFK on tether, your ship can be bumped off tether and then destroyed. Dock up if AFK. Deep-tether bookmarks are also useful on structures you frequent.

Stations and structures are also distinct from player-owned starbases aka POS. These all have related functions/roles, but they are not the same.

The color schemes of stations vary to match the colors of their NPC corporation owners. Stations' shapes & docking ranges are consistent regardless of coloration.
The Caldari Military & Mining stations use the same model. Larenon's guide says their docking ranges differ. I tested that; they don't: Military vs Mining.

The two Sisters of EVE stations (in Thera) use the same model (and have the same undock runways) as their Gallente counterparts of the same name.
I have not verified any other stations except the Jita Trade Hub and Paragon Fulfillment Center, which postdate Larenon's guide. The rest seem roughly correct, at least.

I didn't test each of the Jita Trade Hub's undock portals (ain't nobody got time f'that) but they shouldn't be much different than the central port.

The Jita Trade Hub is, to my knowledge, the only station with multiple undock portals.

I am in the process of testing four other NPC stations and all the structures. I may or may not finish this project.

Hover a name in the Station Type column for a popup image. Click column headers to sort.
RED BACKGROUND = kickout (dangerous), YELLOW BACKGROUND = questionable (be careful), GREEN BACKGROUND = quite safe (but still, don't be dumb).