Saved Locations are colloquially called Bookmarks or BMs.
Create one by hitting Control + B while in space then hitting Enter or clicking Submit. Change the label and/or folder first, or later via Right-click → Edit Location.
BMs are accessible in space by right-clicking empty space & hovering Locations or anywhere via the Locations and/or Local Locations windows.
Locations is bound to the L key by default; Local Locations is unbound (Escape → Shortcuts → Window → Local Locations).

Note: Jet-Perches and The Bookmark Barn sell tactical BMs for all regions in EVE at prices which are reasonable for established players. I'm unaffiliated; use either at your own risk.

Guides for various types of bookmarks in descending order of importance:

  1. instant dock - instadocks are useful for all stations, but especially those in trade hubs (Jita, Amarr, Dodixie, Hek) or in any in low-sec or null-sec system (including Thera)
  2. instant undock - these are also vital for trade hubs, since ships can be destroyed while aligning for warp unless the warp destination is closely aligned to the undock vector:
  3. perch - aka ping, tactical, tac, bounce, observation:
  4. safespots & deepsafes:
  5. dscan aka offgrid:
    1. hit Control + B while you're still in warp to something you want to create a dscan perch on
    2. save the BM when you're between 14.2 AU and ~50,000 km from the destination (closer minimizes warp-to time, farther avoids being one-shot combat probed)
    3. usage: warp to the dscan BM instead of the location of interest so you can dscan said location without your ship appearing there
  6. specialized BMs:

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